What is Bid’ah (Innovation)?

Linguistically Bid’ah (innovation) means ‘a newly invented matter’. The Sharee’ah definition of Bid’ah is: “A newly invented way [beliefs or action] in the religion, in imitation of the Sharee’ah (prescribed Law), by which nearness to Allaah is sought, [but] not being supported by any authentic proof – neither in its foundations, nor in the manner in which it is performed.”

The Messenger of Allaah (Pbuh) said: “Every innovation is misguidance and going astray” Reported by Abu Daawood (no. 4607), at-Tirmidhee (no. 2676) and it is saheeh. Ibn Hajr authenticated it Takhreej Ahaadeeth Ibn ul-Haajib (1/137).

And he (Pbuh) also said: “… and every innovation is misguidance and all misguidance is in the Hellfire.” Reported by an-Nasaa’ee (1/224) from Jaabir bin Abdullaah and it is saheeh as declared by Shaikh ul-Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah in Majmoo’ ul-Fataawaa (3/58).

The Messenger (sallallaahu alaihi wasallam) also warned against the People of Innovation, from befriending, supporting or taking from them saying: “Whoever innovates or accommodates an innovator then upon him is the curse of Allaah, His Angels and the whole of mankind.” Reported by Bukhaaree (12/41) and Muslim (9/140)

And in his footsteps, we find the Noble Companions and the Taabi’een after them warning from the danger of innovations upon the Ummah, its people and their unity, since it is innovations which have divided the Ummah and split it asunder.

Ibn Abbaas (d. 68H) said: “Indeed the most detestable of things to Allaah are the innovations.” Reported by al-Bayhaqee in as-Sunan al-Kubraa (4/316)

Ibn Umar (d. 84H) said: “Every innovation is misguidance, even if the people see it as something good.” Reported by Abu Shaamah (no. 39)

Ahmad Ibn Hanbal once said, “The greatest sinner (faasiq) from the Ahl-Sunnah Wal Jamaah is better than the most pious person from Ahl-“Bid’ah”.

‘Abdullaah ibn Mas’ood, said, “Follow and do not innovate, for you have been given that which is sufficient and every innovation is misguidance.” Reported by Abu Khaithamah in Kitaab Ul-‘Ilm (no. 540) and declared saheeh by Shaikh al-Albaanee.

Abdullah Ibn Abbaassaid, “When “Bid’ah” is created then the Sunnah dies and this continues until that “Bid’ah” is living and the Sunnah is dead.”

Al-‘Irbaad ibn Saariyah,, reports that the Prophet said, “…. I have left you upon clear guidance. Its night is like its day. No one deviates from it after me except that he is destroyed.” Reported by Ahmad, Ibn Maajah (no. 43) and al-Haakim. It is declared saheeh by Shaikh al-Albaanee in as-Saheehah (no. 937).

Al-Marwazee reports in as-Sunnah (no. 95) that ‘Umar ibn ‘Abd Allah-‘Azeez said, “There is no excuse for anyone, after the Sunnah, to be misguided upon error which he thought was guidance.”

Hasan Ibn Attiya, one of the Ta’baeen said, “When the people accept the “Bid’ah” ,  Allah removes the Sunnah from among them and doesn’t return it until the day of judgment.”

One of the early scholars, Al-Barbahaaree, one of the companions of Ahmed Ibn Hanbal, said, “Beware of “Bid’ah”, because every “Bid’ah” started out as something small and resembling the truth and people were fooled by it and followed it until it became bigger and bigger and were trapped by it and it took them out of Islaam.”

Shaykh al-Barbaharee (D. 329H Rahimahullah) Also states: May Allah have mercy upon you. Know that the Religion is what came from Allaah, the Blessed and the Most High. It is not something left to the intellect and opinions of men. Knowledge of it is what comes from Allaah and His Messenger, so do not follow anything based upon your desires and so deviate away from the Religion and leave Islam. There will be no excuse for you since Allaah’s Messenger explained the Sunnah to his Ummah and made it clear to his Companions and they are the Jamaa’ah and they are the Main Body, and the Main Body is the truth and its followers.

This matter has also been indicated by Imaam Maalik (rahimahullaah) in a reported saying of his that ought to be recorded in golden ink. And it is his saying: “Whosoever introduces into Islaam an innovation, which he deems is good, then he has claimed that Muhammad  has betrayed (the trust of conveying) the Message. Read the saying of Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic: ‘This day I have completed your Religion for you, and I have perfected My favour upon you, and I am pleased with Islaam as a Religion for you.’ [Surat-ul-Maa’idah: 3] So whatever was not (part of) the Religion on that day, is not (part of) the Religion on this day. And the last part of this ummah (nation) will not be rectified, except by that which its first part was rectified by.”

Ibn Taymiyyah has a nice passage in one of his books showing that: “In fact, the kufr of Jews and Christians is because of “Bid’ah”. They introduced new things into the religion and those things took them completely away from the true message of Musa (Moses) and Isaa (Jesus) Alaihumma Salam”.

So just as the condition of the Arabs during the Days of Ignorance (Jaahiliyyah) was not rectified except by the coming of their Prophet Muhammad  with revelation from the heavens – which aided them in this world and which will save them in the next – then the foundation that the good Islaamic well-being must be set upon in this time, is nothing else but the return to the Qur’ân and the Sunnah.

In spite of this, this matter needs a little bit more of articulation, due to the vast number of Islaamic groups and parties that are present on the arena and which claim for themselves to be upon the way by which Islaamic society and Muslim rule can be actualized.

Imaam Ibnul Qayyim al-Jawziyyah The war against the innovators is greater than the war against the Mushrikeen.

Sahaba’s attitude Towards Innovations

An outstanding characteristic of the Sahâbah is their absolute Adherence to the Sunnah of the Prophet, Muhammad  and their absolute disapproval of BID’AH (Innovation)  Some Sahâbah narrated the following Ahaadeeth

Amr ibn salmah said: We used to sit in front of Abdullah Ibn Masoud’s house before the Fajr prayer, so that when he came out we would  go with him to the Masjid. {one day} Abu Moosa al-Ash’aaree came and asked us: ‘Did Abu Abdur Rahmaan (i.e. Ibn Masoud) leave yet? ‘ We answered: ‘No.’

So Abu Moosa al-Ash’aaree sat with us waiting for him. When he came out, we all stood up. Abu Moosa told him: “Oh, Abu Abdur Rahmaan! I recently saw something in the Masjid which I deemed to be evil, but all praise is for Allah, I did see anything except good “

Ibn Masoud then asked: “then What was it?”

Abu Moosa said: “You will see it if you stay alive. In the Masjid, I saw a group of people sitting in circles waiting for the Salââh. Each circle is led by a person. And every person in these circles carries small stones (pebbles).

The leader of a circle would say: “Say ‘Allah-u Akbar’ a hundred times” so they would repeat Allah-u Akbar a hundred times; then he says “Say ‘Laa ilaaha illallaah’, a hundred times” so they would  say Laa ilaaha illallaah a hundred times; then he would say: “Say ‘Subhaanallah’, a hundred times”, they will say Subhana Allah a hundred times.

Then Ibn Masoud said: “What did you tell them?”

He said: ‘I didn’t say anything, I waited to hear your opinion.”

Abdullah Ibn Masoud said: “Could you not order them to count their evil deeds, and assured them of getting their rewards.”

Then Abdullah Ibn Masoud went ahead and we accompanied him. As he approached one of the circles, he said: “What is this that you are doing?”

They said: “Oh! Abu Abdur Rahmaan, these are pebbles to count the number of times we say Allah-u Akbar, La ilaaha Illallah, and Subhaanallah.”

He said: “Count your evil deeds, and I assure you that you are not going to lose anything of your rewards (Hasanat). Woe unto you, people of Muhammad, how quickly you go to destruction! Those are your Prophet’s companions available, these are his clothes not worn out yet, and his pots are not broken yet. I swear by Whom my soul is in His Hands that you are either following a religion that is better than the Prophet’s religion or you are opening a door of misguidance.”

They said: “We swear by Allah Almighty, oh, Abu Abdur Rahmaan, that we had no intention other than doing good deeds.”

He said: “So what? How many people wanted to do good deeds but never got to do them? The Prophet of Allah has told us about people who recited the Qur’ân with no effect on them other than the Qur’ân passing through their throats. I swear by Allah, I am almost sure that most of you are from that type of people.”

Then he left them.umar Ibn Salamah (the sub narrator) said: “We saw most of the people of those circles fighting against us with the Khawaarij in the battle of An-Nahrawan.”

— Related by Ad-Daarimee and Abu Na’eim with an Authentic chain of narrations. Authenticated by saleem al-hilaalee in al-BID’AH (pp. 26-29)

This was the case with every innovation introduced in the UMMAH it began as something small, bearing resemblance to the truth which is why those who entered it were mislead and then were unable to leave it. so it grew and became the religion which they followed and thus deviated from the straight path and left Islam.

So beware any new innovations in the shariah of Islam and just follow what Prophet (Pbuh) taugth us and what his companions followed!

Allah knows the best!